Final answer:
The law that states how chromosomes are inherited separately from one another during the formation of gametes is Mendel's law of independent assortment. However, recombination can affect how linked genes on the same chromosome are inherited.
Step-by-step explanation:
The law you're referring to is known as Mendel's law of independent assortment. This law states that alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during the formation of gametes, such as sperm and eggs during meiosis. However, this law is disrupted when genes are linked, that is, located on the same chromosome. For genes that are far apart on a chromosome, recombination during meiosis can result in the independent assortment of these genes, which is why they may still follow Mendel's law. Thus, chromosomal assortment and genetic recombination are essential to understanding Mendelian inheritance and the genetic variation it produces.
The law of independent assortment works together with the law of segregation, which states that organisms inherit two copies of genes, one from each parent and that these genes segregate during the creation of gametes, ensuring that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.