Final answer:
Max Weber argued that the Protestant work ethic encouraged values that supported the growth of capitalism. The idea that Protestantism made people lazy and fatalistic is NOT one of the social consequences Weber attributed to its emergence, as this contradicts the values such as diligence and responsibility that he associated with Protestantism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student has posed a question regarding the social consequences of the emergence of Protestantism, as argued by Max Weber. Weber suggested that certain aspects of Protestantism, particularly those stressing hard work, frugality, and a focus on individual achievement, were instrumental in the development of modern capitalism. He discussed how the Protestant work ethic influenced the spirit of capitalism by encouraging an ascetic lifestyle and a restraint on spending, which led to increased savings and investment -- key ingredients in capitalist growth. Out of the options provided, "Made people lazy and fatalistic" is not one of the social consequences associated with the emergence of Protestantism as argued by Weber. Such a claim contradicts the genuine ethos that Weber attributed to the Protestant ethic, which rather promoted diligence, responsibility, and foresight.