Final answer:
The statement is true: humans have 23 autosomal chromosome pairs and a pair of sex chromosomes, with females having XX and males having XY.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that human karyotypes typically contain 23 autosomal chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes is true. Human cells, which have a total of 46 chromosomes, consist of 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. The autosomes are numbered from 1 to 22 and are the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair is the sex chromosomes, which differ between males and females. Females possess two X chromosomes (XX), and males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). Each chromosome harbors thousands of genes, including the sex chromosomes, although the X chromosome is significantly larger and carries more genes than the Y chromosome does.