Final answer:
Charles Darwin published 'On the Origin of Species' in 1859, detailing the theory of evolution by natural selection based on his research, including his voyage on the HMS Beagle.
Step-by-step explanation:
The title of the book that Charles Darwin published in 1859, explaining the concept of natural selection, is On the Origin of Species. In this groundbreaking work, Darwin detailed his theory of evolution through natural selection, also termed descent with modification. The book is based on Darwin's extensive research and observations made during his voyage on the HMS Beagle, as well as his subsequent years of scientific study. Darwin's book was the foundation for evolutionary biology and detailed not just the mechanism of natural selection but also provided a plethora of evidence supporting the evolution of species over time.