Final answer:
The purpose of a grid in archaeology fieldwork is to document and map artifacts and features precisely, maintaining the archaeological context. An Accession Log serves to inventory and manage artifacts, recording each item's unique identifier and details. These tools are critical for accurate documentation and future research.
Step-by-step explanation:
The purpose of using a grid in archaeology fieldwork is to meticulously document and map the location of all artifacts and features as they are unearthed. This grid system is essential for maintaining the archaeological context, which is the basis for understanding the historical significance, association, and age of the objects discovered. A site is divided into square sections, and each artifact or feature found within these divisions is assigned a unique accession number. This number, along with any other relevant data, is carefully recorded, often accompanied by photographs or drawings, to ensure accurate documentation before objects are moved from their primary context.
The Accession Log serves as a detailed inventory for all the items collected during excavation. Each object is recorded along with its accession number, description, and precise location information. This allows for the orderly management and study of the collected artifacts and aids in the preservation of the original context within which the objects were found, which is crucial for subsequent analysis and research.
Excavation is a delicate process that can also include pollen studies through soil samples and the analysis of ecofacts. Specialists such as zooarchaeologists and archaeobotanists may study these to understand the historical relationships between people and their environment. Accurate record-keeping, including using the grid for pinpointing locations and the Accession Log for cataloging, is imperative for advancing archaeological knowledge and ensuring the integrity of the archaeological record.