Final answer:
Chimps differ from humans in mating strategies due to their male-dominant societies with opportunistic mating and guarding behaviors, as opposed to the more egalitarian and socially bonded approach of bonobos.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mating strategies of chimps differ from humans due to several biological and social factors. In chimpanzee societies, which are male-dominant, mating behavior includes strategies such as opportunistic mating, short-term exclusive guarding of females by males, and consortships.
In contrast, bonobos show a more egalitarian society with frequent and variable sexual behavior that contributes to social bonding and conflict resolution.
Sexual dimorphism, or size differences between sexes, in some primate species, such as gorillas, is associated with rigid hierarchies and strong male dominance. However, it's important to note that there is no simple correlation between anatomy and behaviors, as noted by anthropologist Adrienne Zihlman.
Observations of primate behavior have challenged earlier assumptions about the roles of males and females, indicating both sexes actively participate in strategizing for resources and relationships. Female assertiveness and mate choice have been observed, along with cooperation as a central feature in primate societies. Research has shown that the social expressions of gender and sexuality in primates are highly flexible.
Both the environmental context and the social structure of a species can greatly influence their mating strategies. For instance, chimpanzees in the Gombe National Park display different hunting techniques and tool use from those in other regions, indicating that even within the same species, behaviors can vary considerably based on habitat.
This illustrates the complexity of understanding primate behavior, including mating strategies, and the limitations of making assumptions about human behavior based on our primate relatives.