Final answer:
Luca's parents exhibit the authoritative parenting style, which is characterized by setting clear rules, being open to communication, and expressing warmth. This style is linked to positive developmental outcomes for children.
Step-by-step explanation:
Luca's parents display the authoritative parenting style. This style involves setting clear and reasonable rules and limits, while also being responsive and attentive to the child's needs; they explain their positions and are open to communication.
Parents using this style express warmth and affection, discuss rules and their reasons with their child, and are flexible in certain situations. This balanced approach is associated with positive outcomes such as high self-esteem and good social skills among children.
When contrasting the authoritative style with others such as authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved, one can see why the authoritative approach is generally encouraged in modern American society.
It fosters an environment where children are guided but also heard, leading to the development of well-adjusted individuals with a healthy self-concept.