Final answer:
Hunter-gatherer societies had a significant effect on social organization, fostering egalitarianism and leadership based on prowess and personality. However, the advent of agriculture led to labor specialization, wealth accumulation, and the emergence of social divisions and gender roles.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hunter-gatherer societies had a significant effect on social organization. These societies were based around kinship or tribes, and relied on their surroundings for survival, hunting and gathering for food. Their small size and nomadic lifestyle fostered egalitarianism, with leadership determined by prowess and personality. However, with the advent of agriculture, labor specialization and wealth accumulation, social divisions and gender roles emerged.