Final answer:
Extended-family residential patterns are most common in agricultural societies, where labor contributions from multiple family members are essential. These patterns change with industrialism, leading to smaller, nuclear families as people move for factory work.
Step-by-step explanation:
Large extended-family residential patterns are most prevalent in modes of production that are based on agricultural activities, where labor and self-subsistence are highly valued. These types of family structures are common in horticultural and pastoral societies as well as societies that blend the two. In such systems, most work is performed by extended-family groups within the household context and production is primarily for local consumption with little surplus.
In societies where agricultural surplus is produced, such as through the development of irrigation or use of the plow, there can also be local accumulation of wealth and some specialization in crafts or leadership. However, as societies transition towards industrialism, the use of wage labor and machinery in factories draws individuals away from household-centric work, and extended-family residential patterns are increasingly replaced by nuclear families. This shift is closely tied to a rural-to-urban migration, higher standards of living, and typically smaller family sizes.