Final answer:
Yes, males and females in a given primate population can become dominant. Dominance can vary among primate species, with some species being female-dominant and others being male-dominant. Human gender roles and behaviors are biologically flexible and diverse.
Step-by-step explanation:
Yes, males and females in a given primate population can become dominant. In primates, both males and females are competitive and cooperative, and both play central roles in primate social life. However, the extent and expression of dominance can vary among primate species. For example, bonobo groups are female-dominant, while chimpanzee groups are male-dominant. In humans, the lessons from primatology suggest that gender roles and behaviors are biologically flexible and capable of diverse expressions.