Final answer:
The division within the superfamily Hominoidea that includes humans and our recent ancestors is called hominins, which encompasses modern humans, extinct human species, and all of humanity's immediate ancestors.
Step-by-step explanation:
Within the superfamily Hominoidea, the division that includes humans and our recent ancestors is referred to as hominins. Hominins are characterized by their development after the evolutionary split from the common ancestor shared with chimpanzees about six million years ago. This term is specific to the group representing modern humans, extinct human species, and all of our immediate ancestors, which includes genera such as Homo, Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and Ardipithecus. These groups are what differentiate us from other hominoids, such as gorillas and orangutans, and are indicated by certain features like bipedalism, larger brain size, and a fully opposable thumb.