Final answer:
Refugees are individuals compelled to flee their country due to war, persecution, or natural disaster and may have legal permission to remain in a different country. Forced migration includes refugees and asylum seekers. Illegal immigrants are those who migrate outside the legal channels due to threats like violence or poverty.
Step-by-step explanation:
People who migrate because of political oppression or war and often have legal permission to stay in a different country are referred to as refugees. Forced migration or displacement occurs when individuals are compelled to leave their homeland to escape persecution, conflict, or violence. This includes those who are seeking asylum, which is legal protection extended by one country to citizens of another. Illegal immigration, on the other hand, involves people migrating outside the established channels because their lives or livelihoods are threatened due to reasons like endemic violence, extreme poverty, or climate change. Refugees, protected under the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention, often arrive in host countries under extreme hardships, lacking food, clothing, or basic possessions, and are frequently separated from their families.
The phenomenon of refugees surged following notable crises such as the Syrian civil war, the Venezuelan crisis, conflicts in Afghanistan, South Sudan, Myanmar, the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and the 2023 earthquakes in Syria and Turkey. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) aids in coordinating international efforts to provide relief to refugees.