Final answer:
The term 'pateras' is associated with midwives in Latino cultures, reflecting a vital community role. Amidst the backdrop of Roman Catholic influence and Spanish legacy on native peoples in the New World, cultural, religious, and status differences were clearly marked in various aspects, including visual arts. The correct option is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term 'pateras' refers to D) midwives in Latino cultures. In historical contexts, midwives played a crucial role in childbirth and were often key figures within their communities.
When analyzing the role of religion and conquest in the New World, it is important to note the influence of Roman Catholicism and how it shaped societies, as well as the role of secular clergy and missionaries in providing education and attempting to bridge cultural gaps.
Figures such as Dominican friar Bartolome de las Casas spoke in defense of the natives, underlining their organized states and wise laws, thus showing the nuanced relationships that formed during this period.
Additionally, the mention of 'Monjas Coronadas' or 'crowned nuns' in the provided materials reflects how the Spanish legacy affected the visual arts and cultural expressions. These portraits, while rich in splendor, also denoted status and race distinctions present in colonial society.