Final answer:
The Education gap is most associated with Human Capital theory, which underscores the economic benefits of investing in education and how it reduces economic disparities, particularly in low-income countries. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The societal gap most associated with the Human Capital theory is the Education gap. Human Capital theory posits that investments in education and training enhance productivity and increase earnings. The theory explains how education affects economic growth and personal income.
An example of this is the observation that wages can increase by 10 to 20% for each additional year of education in low-income countries. Moreover, the lack of educational attainment is a significant factor contributing to earning gaps, including those based on gender and race.
Closing the education gap, particularly for minority groups and girls in low-income countries, could significantly impact overall wages and economic mobility.