Final answer:
The term "social pedagogy" originated in Germany, where it grew in the context of 19th-century educational and social movements and was further shaped by the Frankfurt School's critical theory in the 20th century. Option C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term "social pedagogy" has its origins in Germany. The concept developed in the midst of diverse educational and social movements in Europe during the 19th century. It became particularly notable alongside the rise of critical theory and the work of the Frankfurt School in Germany.
This approach to education encompasses notions of holistic education, societal engagement, and the concept that education goes beyond the classroom, intertwining with social work and democratic citizenship.
In Germany, during the early 20th century, the rise of socialist ideas and the impacts of the political revolutions that swept across Europe also influenced the pedagogical frameworks. The Frankfurt School, which emerged in this context, played a significant role in developing critical theory, a cornerstone of modern social pedagogy.
Furthermore, the influences of thinkers like Paulo Freire, who was not German but whose ideas on critical pedagogy resonated with German scholars' work, contributed to a global dialogue on educational practices that seek to empower and emancipate learners. So option C.