Question

Evidence shows that by 4 years of age children prefer playmates who engage in activities that are gender typical, and that between 3 and 5 years children develop biases in favor of their own ethnic or racial groups. This is an example of which theory?

A) Contact theory
B) Neo-Marxist theory
C) Family systems theory
D) Ecological theory of human development

Answer 1

The preference for gender-typical activities and ethno-racial biases in young children is an example of Ecological theory of human development, which emphasizes the role of various social systems in shaping a child's development. The correct option is D.

Step-by-step explanation:

The evidence that children by 4 years of age prefer playmates who engage in activities that are gender typical, and that between 3 and 5 years children develop biases favoring their own ethnic or racial groups is an example of Ecological theory of human development.

This theory, put forth by Urie Bronfenbrenner, suggests that development occurs based on interactions among environments such as school, family, and community. The concept that children learn gender roles and exhibit biases from early ages through socialization aligns well with this theory, as it recognizes the influence of different societal systems on a child's development.

From the provided information, children are socialized into their gender roles and racial biases through family preferences, societal values, and the feedback they receive from these environments, which is a fundamental aspect of Ecological theory.