Final answer:
Empowerment refers to being in control of one's destiny, involving psychological elements and perceived control, which can lead to positive health outcomes and lowered stress. It's also tied to self-regulation and psychosocial development in adolescence. Education has historically been a powerful tool for empowerment. The correct option is C.
Step-by-step explanation:
Empowerment is most accurately defined as being in control of one's destiny (Option C). It encompasses psychological elements such as the emotional, cognitive, relational, and behavioral components.
Empowerment theory highlights that one's self-perception as competent and in control can significantly impact the ability to navigate life, even when faced with challenges. For instance, within the context of Healthy Start programs, fostering empowerment can help clients feel a sense of control and self-efficacy in their lives and relationships.
Furthermore, the belief in our capacity to exert influence over our lives, known as perceived control, is critically linked to positive outcomes including better mental and physical health, and lower stress reactivity.
This is akin to the concept of self-regulation, also known as internal locus of control, where one's belief that they control their own outcomes is pivotal to managing stress and achieving personal goals.
Also, empowerment can come through education, as historical examples demonstrate that groups and individuals have used knowledge and learning to gain a sense of power and control over their circumstances and destiny. The correct option is C.