Final answer:
The term 'Globalization' is associated with World Systems theory, which analyzes global inequalities and stratification through the lens of core and peripheral countries where core nations often exploit peripheral nations. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term associated with World Systems theory among the options given is B) Globalization. World Systems theory is a multidisciplinary, macro-scale approach to world history and social change which emphasizes the world-system as the primary unit of social analysis.
It suggests that the world has been divided into a hierarchy of 'core' and 'peripheral' countries, with core countries dominating the world economic system, exploiting the peripheral countries for labor and resources, often leading to increased levels of inequality.
Dependency theory is a concept closely related to World Systems theory and it is used to explain global stratification and inequality by focusing on how core nations exploit peripheral nations.
Considering the related information provided, such as the way multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit local workers in peripheral nation factories, indicates an emphasis on the exploitative dynamics of globalization and the dependency of peripheral countries on core countries. The correct option is B.