Final answer:
The statement is true; gender identity can differ from biological sex. Gender identity is about one's internal sense of being a certain gender, while biological sex is based on physical characteristics. Individuals who experience this difference are typically known as transgender.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that one's gender identity does not have to be congruent with one's biological sex is true. The concept of gender identity is distinct from biological sex. Whereas sex denotes the biological characteristics that categorize individuals as male or female, gender identity refers to one's internal, deeply held sense of being male, female, a blend of both, neither, or another gender altogether.
People who do not identify with the gender traditionally associated with the sex they were assigned at birth may be considered transgender. This is unrelated to sexual orientation; transgender people can have any sexual orientation, just like cisgender people (those whose gender identity matches their sex assigned at birth). In U.S. society, despite some flexibility in gender roles, accepting transgender identities can sometimes meet with reluctance, especially in children, though increasing awareness and understanding are improving acceptance.
Answering the schoolwork question, if someone is uncomfortable identifying with the gender normally associated with their sex assigned at birth, then they could be classified as experiencing a dissonance between their gender identity and assigned sex, often associated with being transgender.