Final answer:
The rational soul consists of reason, passion, and discipline. According to Plato and Aristotle, reason plays a crucial role in guiding human behavior and achieving virtue.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rational soul consists of reason, passion, and discipline. According to Plato, reason and knowledge work together with discipline to overrule passions that threaten to disrupt the harmony of individuals, allowing them to be just and virtuous. Aristotle, on the other hand, defined the soul based on what it does. He believed that all living things have souls, and in humans, the soul enables the body to fulfill the purposes of lower-level animals and carry out rational thought.