Final answer:
Durkheim developed the concept of anomie to describe a state where societal norms break down, leading to instability. Anomie occurs during the transition from mechanical to organic solidarity, exemplified by different rates among religious groups in Durkheim's study. Shared norms need to be redeveloped to overcome anomie and achieve a healthy society.
Step-by-step explanation:
Anomie as Developed by Durkheim
Émile Durkheim, a foundational sociologist, introduced the concept of anomie to describe a state of normlessness within a society, which can lead to social instability and dissatisfaction. Durkheim’s work, especially in his study titled , demonstrated that social solidarity, or the bonds of community, are vital for the well-being of society. He posited that with the transition from mechanical to organic solidarity during industrialization, societies might experience a breakdown in social norms and a rise in anomie. This occurs when collective norms are weakened, and people, though more interdependent, feel alienated from each other.
In his analysis, he found that rates varied between religious groups, with Protestants exhibiting higher rates than Catholics, which he attributed to the level of anomie present in the society due to differing degrees of social solidarity fostered by these religious traditions. Durkheim affirmed that societies must redevelop shared norms to overcome anomie and to achieve organic solidarity and thereby reach a stable state of development.