Final answer:
The philosophical discussion relates to the hierarchy of the soul, where reason and will are intended to reign over passions. Philosophers propose different structures for this hierarchy, but commonly acknowledge the difficulty in maintaining it due to human nature and inherent drives.
Step-by-step explanation:
Because of our human condition, the hierarchy of the human soul often falls into disorder. The philosophical concept under discussion is deeply rooted in historical and philosophical studies, touching on ideas presented by thinkers like Plato, Immanuel Kant, and Sigmund Freud. Plato's allegory of the three-tiered society relates to elements of the soul where reason, if disciplined, should control the passions. Similarly, Kant proposes that the moral worth of our actions is dictated by our ability to act from duty, exercising reason over passion to manifest a 'good will.' Freud's psychoanalytic theory combines the primal id with the socially influenced super-ego, assigning the ego the role of balancing our primal desires with societal expectations. Despite these concepts, there's ongoing debate about the extent of human free will and the effect of intrinsic evil or external divine forces. The study of these theories assists in understanding the structure and conflicts of the human soul, illustrating how reason and will are intended to govern passion, though often disorder prevails, leading to the chaotic expression of inherent drives and societal constraints.