Final answer:
Transnational relationships refer to economic, political, and social networks that extend beyond nation-state boundaries.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for relationships that extend beyond nation-state boundaries but do not necessarily cover the whole world is transnational. Transnational relationships refer to economic, political, and social networks that originate in one country and then cross or transcend nation-state boundaries. Examples of transnational networks include multinational corporations, international organizations, and informal diplomacy.
Some contemporary barriers to foreign trade and political relations between nations include international disputes, trade wars, socio-political unrest, economic sanctions, and differing international standards and regulations. In the modern context, the concept of nation-states is challenged by the rise of transnational issues and the existence of multinational corporations, which can exert significant influence over both domestic and international policy. Non-state actors such as multinational corporations, non-governmental organizations, and international institutions also play a role in shaping the rules and norms of behavior in the international system.