Final answer:
Ellen Baxter and Kim Hopper found that homelessness in New York City is largely affected by systemic issues such as lack of affordable housing and economic factors, while individual circumstances like mental illness also play a role. Their study revealed the success of housing interventions, with 97% of clients successfully housed and not returning to homelessness, although they continued to face mental and physical health challenges.
Step-by-step explanation:
In their study of the homeless in New York City, Ellen Baxter and Kim Hopper discovered several aspects concerning the conditions and causes of homelessness. They found that homelessness is not just a result of individual failings such as substance abuse or mental illness, but also significantly influenced by systemic issues like lack of affordable housing, economic downturns, and social exclusion. High housing costs and rent prices, in particular, have been identified as pivotal in driving up homelessness rates in cities like New York and Los Angeles.
Their research uncovered that economic factors both locally and nationally play a critical role in the prevalence of homelessness. Recessions can lead to job losses and lack of affordable housing, exacerbating the situation for many individuals who are already vulnerable. Additionally, vibrant economies with rising living costs can also increase the rates of homelessness when individuals and families can't afford to rent or buy homes.
Interestingly, the studies also revealed positive results from housing interventions. A first-year evaluation showed that after receiving housing, 97% of clients did not return to homelessness, demonstrating the success of housing-focused solutions in retaining stable living situations for previously homeless individuals. However, these individuals still faced challenges, including ongoing mental and physical health issues when compared with the general public.