The characteristics of short transmission lines are voltage and current distribution and negligible wave propagation effects.
A short transmission line is typically characterized by its length, which is considered short in comparison to the electrical wavelength associated with the frequency of the transmitted signal. The specific definition of "short" can vary depending on the context, but generally, a transmission line is considered short when its length is less than about 1/10th of the wavelength.
In a short transmission line, the voltage and current distributions along the line can be considered approximately uniform. This means that the variations in voltage and current along the line are not significant.
Since the length of the line is small compared to the wavelength, the transmission line behavior can be approximated as lumped elements, and the wave propagation effects are considered negligible. This simplifies the analysis of the line.