Final answer:
The Neolithic Revolution led to both positive and negative health outcomes for human populations. Stable food sources increased population growth, but also introduced new health issues such as disease from domesticated animals and nutritional deficiencies from a grain-based diet.
Step-by-step explanation:
The transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to an agricultural one, known as the Neolithic Revolution, did indeed usher in major changes for human health, but not all were for the better. The ability to produce food through agriculture led to more stable food sources, which supported increased populations and sedentary living in villages and cities. However, this new way of life, with domesticated animals and crowded conditions, also brought an increase in diseases. Moreover, humans became more susceptible to ailments linked to a grain-based diet and less active lifestyle. Agriculture's effects on health were double-edged; it facilitated population growth but also brought about new health challenges and dietary inadequacies. Agricultural societies faced a range of health issues, from nutritional deficiencies and dental caries to parasitic infections like malaria exacerbated by stagnant water near farms.