Final answer:
Reciprocity in anthropology refers to the way individuals and societies interact through the exchange of goods, services, and aid. Generalized reciprocity involves sharing without direct compensation while balanced reciprocity involves a more calculated gift exchange that maintains relationships. Reciprocal altruism happens when individuals perform altruistic acts with the expectation of future benefits.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mutuality or reciprocity in the context of anthropology refers to the give and take in relationships and social exchanges. One form is generalized reciprocity, as seen in gatherer-hunter societies where goods are shared freely without the expectation of direct compensation. This is akin to altruism but serves as an equal exchange of goods over time regulated by social norms.
Another form is balanced reciprocity, such as the hxaro relationships among the Dobe Ju/'hoansi, where gifts are exchanged without direct negotiation of value or time but with an understanding that these exchanges will maintain and deepen relationships. This type of reciprocity is foundational for many societal benefits, including resource sharing and hunting rights.
Lastly, reciprocal altruism is observed in animal behavior as well as human societies, where individuals engage in altruistic acts with the expectation that at some point, they will receive a similar benefit in return, which enhances the survivability of all parties involved.