Final answer:
Biological anthropology is the field of anthropology that studies human variation, focusing on the origins, evolution, and diversity of humans, and examines how natural selection has shaped human evolution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The field of anthropology that deals with human variation is known as biological anthropology, sometimes also called physical anthropology or evolutionary anthropology. This scientific discipline is concerned with the study of the origins, evolution, and diversity of human beings. It encompasses areas such as human biological variation, paleoanthropology, primatology, bioarchaeology, and genetic anthropology. The study of human biological variation is intrinsic to biological anthropology and is critical for understanding how humans have adapted to their environments over time.
Biological anthropologists investigate how factors like environmental conditions, social status, nutrition, and access to healthcare contribute to the differences observed in human populations today. These variations reveal the role of natural selection in shaping human evolution. With the advent of new diseases and environmental changes, the study of how the human race continues to evolve is more important than ever. Biological anthropology provides vital insights into our past and present, aiding us in navigating future challenges.