Final answer:
Prehistoric pit houses in the American Southwest were primarily oval and circular, evolving into complex multi-storied buildings and cliff dwellings. The early oval and circular shapes allowed for efficient insulation, while later structures like kivas served both practical and ceremonial purposes. This architectural evolution reflects a transition from survival to community-oriented living.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the American Southwest, prehistoric pit houses at sites primarily exhibit oval and circular shapes. These early settlements were part of the Mogollon, Hohokam, and Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) traditions. The pit houses, partly underground and constructed of wooden poles and dried mud, offered protection from both the sweltering heat and the frigid winter temperatures. Over time, these dwellings evolved into above-ground structures and sophisticated dwellings, characterized by stone or adobe construction, kivas, and cliff dwellings renowned in locations such as Mesa Verde.
Ancestral Puebloans, known for their engineering ingenuity, built awe-inspiring structures such as Pueblo Bonito's multi-storied buildings and the cliff dwellings in Mesa Verde National Park. The influence of agriculture and community planning is evident in their architecture. Their dwellings often featured kivas, which had both practical and ceremonial functions. This development in architecture showcases a transition from mere survival to creating communities that emphasized social, religious, and practical aspects of life.