Final answer:
The most common type of subgroup in a non-human primate community is one that is centered around related females and their offspring, with female kinship and solidarity being key to their social structure. This matriarchal setup is dominant even though social dynamics can differ between species, some showing male dominance while others, like bonobos, exhibit female dominance and egalitarian structures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common type of subgroup in a non-human primate community is based on related females with their offspring, forming the core of the society. In these communities, males can be temporary members who often move between groups. However, it's the female kinship and solidarity that serve as the glue holding these groups together. This matriarchal structure is a mainstay across most primate societies, though the social dynamics can vary significantly from species to species, with some societies exhibiting male dominance, while others, like the bonobos, show female dominance and egalitarian structures.
Our closest primate relatives, the chimpanzees and bonobos, share up to 99 percent of their DNA with humans, demonstrating the close evolutionary relationships within the primate order. The study of these relationships and social structures helps us understand the underlying social organization and the importance of cooperative behaviour among primates, which contradicts the once common belief that competition rather than cooperation was the driving force of primate social life.