Final answer:
The transition from a hunting-gathering lifestyle was towards agriculture, marking the beginning of the Neolithic Age.
Step-by-step explanation:
The transition from a hunting-gathering lifestyle was towards agriculture. Around 12,000 years ago, some human populations started adopting agriculture as a means of actively growing crops and domesticating animals for sustenance, marking the beginning of the Neolithic Age. This shift allowed for larger population growth, labor specialization, and the establishment of sophisticated settlements.