Final answer:
Allen's rule indicates that animals in hotter climates have longer extremities, aiding in heat dissipation, while Bergmann's rule suggests that larger species are found in colder environments to reduce heat loss.
Step-by-step explanation:
Allen's and Bergman's rules are significant ecogeographic principles that relate to the adaptation of animals to their environments. Allen's rule states that animals living in hotter climates tend to have longer extremities compared to closely related animals in colder climates. This is believed to help with thermoregulation, as longer limbs can dissipate heat more effectively. On the other hand, Bergmann's rule suggests that within a widely distributed taxonomic group, larger species or populations are found in colder environments while smaller ones prevail in warmer regions. This is thought to be due to larger bodies having a smaller surface area to volume ratio, which reduces heat loss in cold areas.