Final answer:
The concept that students can achieve higher-level goals if their basic human needs are satisfied is described by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which is a theory developed by psychologist Abraham Maslow and represents a key aspect of humanistic psychology.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory that suggests that students can reach higher-level goals if their basic human needs are realized is A) Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist, developed this theory, postulating that human beings have a certain hierarchy of needs that must be met in order to achieve self-fulfillment and realize their full potential. The hierarchy begins with physiological needs, such as food and shelter followed by safety, love and belonging, esteem, and ultimately self-actualization, which is the realization of one's full potential. Maslow's theory has had a significant influence on the humanistic approach to psychology placing emphasis on the positive potential of human beings. The self-actualization stage at the top of Maslow's hierarchy is the point at which individuals are motivated to achieve their highest goals.
Maslow believed that self-actualization involves continuous personal growth and discovery. However, this level can only be sought once the more basic needs of the pyramid have been fulfilled. It's important to note that Maslow later introduced the concept of self-transcendence a stage beyond self-actualization related to seeking a higher purpose beyond oneself.