Final answer:
The primate in question is the tarsier, a unique member of the primate Order and a prosimian that has nocturnal habits, immense non-rotating eyes, and the ability to rotate its head extensively to compensate for its eye structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primate described as a prosimian, nocturnal, with huge immobile eyes, and a head that can rotate 180 degrees each way, is the tarsier. Tarsiers are unique within the Order Primates, as they possess characteristics of both the prosimian and anthropoid branches. Prosimians generally include bush babies, lemurs, lorises, pottos, and tarsiers. However, due to certain features like the inability to manufacture their own Vitamin C, tarsiers are classified within their own group under the haplorrhines alongside simians such as monkeys and apes.
The fascinating abilities of the tarsier, such as their large eyes which dominate their skull space, are adaptations for nocturnal life that demand exceptional visual acuity. The eyes are so large that they cannot rotate within their eye sockets, thus tarsiers have adapted an ability similar to owls, where they can rotate their heads nearly 360 degrees to scan their environment. Primarily insectivorous, tarsiers are also known as the only primate carnivores, hunting insects and small animals like bats and lizards.