Question

what we call the kind of attacks that come even when a female isn't fertile? (training a female to fear a male so that when she is fertile, she will mate with him)

Answer 1

Mating behaviors that occur outside of the female's fertile period are particularly observed in polygynous mating systems, such as resource-based polygyny, harem mating, and lek mating, in contrast to monogamous systems.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question refers to mating behaviors in animals that occur outside of the female's fertile period, particularly in polygynous mating systems where one male mates with multiple females. In species that practice resource-based polygyny, such as the yellow-rumped honeyguide, males may defend territories with rich resources to attract females for mating, regardless of the female's fertility status. Other types of polygyny include harem mating and lek mating. In harem mating, observable in elephant seals, the dominant male controls mating with a group of females in a territory. Lek mating involves males showcasing elaborate displays in a communal area for females to choose from. These mating systems, particularly polygyny, are contrasted with monogamous systems where one male pairs with one female, as seen in species like the gray wolf.