Final answer:
The part of the nail anatomy that can prevent nail growth if destroyed is the nail matrix. The hyponychium is the area furthest from the nail growth center. Nails are primarily composed of the protein keratin, coming from dead keratinocytes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nail Anatomy and Growth
The part of the nail anatomy, if destroyed, that can cause the nail not to grow again is the nail matrix. This region contains stem cells essential for nail growth. As for the question related to nail growth, the area beneath the free edge of the nail and furthest from the nail growth center is the hyponychium. The nail bed is the specialized structure where the nail body forms, but the actual growth originates from the nail root which houses the proliferating cells within the nail matrix. If this matrix is damaged, it can lead to permanent nail loss because it's the source of nail production. The nail cuticle, also known as the eponychium, is a fold of epithelium that extends over the nail bed and should not be cut during a manicure as it serves as a protective barrier.
Nails are primarily composed of a protein called keratin. The nail plate is the hard part of the nail, composed mostly of densely packed dead keratinocytes, and is the main keratinous plate of the nail. The different parts of the nail such as the nail root, nail bed, lunula, and nail fold, all play unique roles in the support and continuous growth of this keratin structure.