Final answer:
Red bone marrow, found in the head of the femur and other flat bones, is responsible for the production of blood cells (hematopoiesis), including red and white blood cells and platelets.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of the bone that contains red bone marrow is typically found in the head of the femur, as well as in flat bones like the ilium and the scapula. This spongy tissue is crucial because it is responsible for hematopoiesis, the process of producing blood cells. Red bone marrow houses hematopoietic stem cells that differentiate to become various types of blood cells, including erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets. These formed elements of blood are essential for carrying oxygen, fighting infection, and clotting blood, respectively. In contrast, yellow bone marrow, which is found in the interior of the bone, primarily contains adipose cells that store fat and serve as a source of energy.