Final answer:
A 'family of orientation' is one's birth family, while a 'family of procreation' is formed through marriage or partnership. Sociological perspectives on family have evolved to include diverse family structures beyond traditional roles, reflecting changes in societal norms and values.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for the family into which an individual is born is known as the family of orientation. This is the primary family unit that shapes the upbringing and socialization of an individual. On the other hand, the term for a family that an individual may join through marriage is referred to as the family of procreation. This typically involves the forming of a new household and possibly the bearing and raising of children. In sociology, these concepts help to distinguish between the families we are born into versus the ones we create through marriage and partnerships.
Cultural norms and values significantly influence perceptions of family structure. Social conservatives may adhere to traditional notions of family roles, while contemporary sociologists define family more in terms of relational dynamics rather than rigid roles. As society evolves, so does the notion of what constitutes a family, with increased recognition of non-traditional structures such as single parents, same-sex couples, and cohabitating partners. This reflects a more fluid understanding that accommodates various family forms, adapting to social changes over time.