Question

What does the classification of a descent group as either a lineage or clan indicate?

a: a lineage uses demonstrated descent while a clan uses stipulated descent
b: descent is always achieved
c: how individuals define and think about relationships of descent is culturally universal
d: only in lineages do members descend from an apical ancestor
e: members of lineages do not like to rely on their memory to know who their ancestors are

Answer 1

The classification as either a lineage or a clan indicates whether descent is directly traced to a known ancestor (lineage) or is based on a symbolic assertion of a common ancestor (clan), showing direct versus symbolic lineage connections.

Step-by-step explanation:

The classification of a descent group as either a lineage or a clan indicates the method by which kinship is traced and the ancestor(s) from whom descent is claimed. A lineage consists of individuals who trace their descent to a known common ancestor, often through a single genealogical line, known as unilineal descent. This can be either patrilineal (father's line) or matrilineal (mother's line). By contrast, a clan uses stipulated descent, meaning the actual genealogical links to a common ancestor might not be concretely demonstrated, and membership is typically based on a symbolic assertion of descent from an apical ancestor, who is sometimes mythological. Lineages have a more direct and demonstrable connection to their ancestors and are more concrete in terms of genealogical connection.