Final answer:
A class system is an open system based on individual achievement and allows movement up or down. Upward and downward social mobility are experienced by individuals for various reasons. Social mobility is an essential aspect of social stratification and the American Dream.
Step-by-step explanation:
A class system is an open system based on individual achievement and allows movement up or down. Unlike caste systems, class systems are not based solely on ascribed status or birth. Instead, people fall into different classes based on factors like wealth, income, education, and occupation.
Individuals can experience upward or downward social mobility for various reasons. Upward mobility refers to an increase in social class, such as moving from a lower to a higher socioeconomic class. In contrast, downward mobility involves a decrease in social class.
Social mobility is an essential aspect of social stratification and plays a role in the American Dream, which emphasizes the belief that hard work and talent can lead to upward social mobility.