Final answer:
Egalitarianism refers to the belief in equality and the emphasis on equality and sharing. It can be found in political philosophy and anthropology, and examples include John Rawls' theory of justice and luck egalitarianism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Egalitarianism refers to the belief in equality and the emphasis on equality and sharing. It is a concept that can be found in various fields, including political philosophy, anthropology, and economics. In political philosophy, egalitarian theories argue for equal treatment and rights for all individuals, while in anthropology, egalitarianism is often seen in hunter-gatherer societies where resources are shared equally among members of the group.
One example of egalitarianism is found in John Rawls' theory of justice, which emphasizes the principles of equal basic liberties and social and economic inequalities that benefit the least advantaged members of society. Another example is luck egalitarianism, which focuses on equal opportunity and the consequences of individuals' choices while acknowledging that economic benefits may be unequal.
Egalitarianism plays an important role in promoting fairness and addressing structural inequalities in society.