Final answer:
A hierarchical, centralized form of political organization where a central government has the monopoly over the use of force is known as a state society. This concept encompasses different forms of government such as monarchies, oligarchies, and totalitarian regimes.
Step-by-step explanation:
A hierarchical, centralized form of political organization in which a central government has a legal monopoly over the use of force is typically known as a state society. This concept means that only the government is allowed to use force to control or punish residents within its territory. This infrastructure gains its legitimacy through frameworks like law, taxation, and the maintenance of order, which are upheld by bureaucracies and military forces.
Modern-day democracies and various forms of monarchies, oligarchies, and totalitarian regimes demonstrate different dynamics of political power and authority. For instance, in a monarchy, power is often inherited and may be either symbolic or absolute, while in an oligarchy, a small group of elites controls the state. In contrast, totalitarian governments enforce an extreme concentration of power, restricting citizens' freedoms and controlling many aspects of their lives.