Final answer:
Matrilocality is a residence system in which a husband lives with his wife's family, while patrilocality is where a wife lives with her husband's family. These patterns are associated with matrilineal and patrilineal descent systems, respectively, and have a significant impact on the social dynamics and gender roles within a community.
Step-by-step explanation:
Matrilocality and patrilocality refer to types of postmarital residence patterns. In a matrilocal residence, it is customary for the husband to live with the wife's family, particularly with her mother or her mother's relatives. This arrangement is often found in matrilineal societies, where descent is traced through the mother. An example of such a society is the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra, Indonesia. On the other hand, a patrilocal residence system is where the wife lives with, or near, the husband's blood relatives. This can be seen in patrilineal societies, which are typically patriarchal and where descent is traced through the father. Patrilocality can isolate women from their own families, making them outsiders in the husband's community.