Final answer:
The pathogens associated with ascending UTIs in ruminants are E. coli and Streptococcus, as they are the most common bacterial causes of these types of infections.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student has asked which pathogens are associated with ascending urinary tract infections (UTIs) in ruminants. The correct answer would be E. coli (Escherichia coli) and Streptococcus. These organisms are known to cause UTIs which can start in the lower urinary tract and ascend to the upper urinary tract, potentially leading to more serious infections such as pyelonephritis. Influenza virus and malaria parasites are not typically associated with UTIs. Most UTIs are caused by bacteria, with E. coli being the most common gram-negative bacterium and Streptococcus agalactiae being a common gram-positive bacterium associated with these infections.
Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli are the most common cause of bladder infections. Meanwhile, Streptococcus agalactiae is a gram-positive pathogen that can also be involved in these infections. When analyzing a patient's urine, the presence of substances like nitrites and leukocyte esterase can indicate an active bacterial infection, and a microscopic evaluation of the bacteria can help identify the specific pathogen causing the UTI.