Final answer:
A powerful concept in the US in the 1950s was Manifest Destiny, which included ideas of territorial expansion, Americanization, and spreading freedom. In Elizabethan England, it was the Divine Right of Kings, signifying that monarchs' authority came directly from God.
Step-by-step explanation:
The powerful concept in the US in the 1950s and in Elizabethan England identified in the provided choices is Manifest Destiny and the Divine Right of Kings, respectively. Manifest Destiny was a widely held cultural belief in the 19th-century United States that American settlers were destined to expand across North America.
It encompassed several ideas, such as the expansion from the Atlantic to the Pacific ('from sea to shining sea'), the Americanization of residents in newly acquired territories, and the US's territorial expansion as a form of spreading freedom (d. all of the above). In contrast, during Elizabethan England, the prevailing powerful concept was the Divine Right of Kings, which posited that monarchs derived their authority directly from God, and their power was not subject to earthly challenge.