Final answer:
Reality therapy is based on choice theory, which emphasizes personal responsibility and control in the present.
Step-by-step explanation:
Reality therapy is based on choice theory and focuses on the client assuming responsibility in the present. The correct answer to the question is b) Choice theory. Choice theory, developed by William Glasser, posits that nearly all behavior is chosen and that we can only control our own behavior and choices. Therefore, in reality therapy, clients learn to take responsibility for their actions and focus on the present, as this therapeutic approach emphasizes personal control, intentionality, and the potential for personal change. Unlike some other psychological theories, it does not concentrate on clients' past experiences or symptoms but instead encourages them to recognize their capacity to choose how they respond to life's challenges.