Final answer:
The cup-shaped depression on the lateral surface of the hip bone that serves as the attachment site for the femur is called the acetabulum.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cup-shaped depression on the lateral surface that serves as the attachment site for the femur is the acetabulum. The acetabulum is a large, cup-shaped cavity located on the lateral side of the hip bone and is formed by the junction of the ilium, pubis, and ischium portions of the hip bone.
It is an essential part of the hip joint, providing the socket into which the head of the femur (thigh bone) fits, allowing for a wide range of motion.