Final answer:
The question involves social control and sanctions, particularly informal negative sanctions directed towards non-conforming behavior. These sanctions are unofficial punishments from peers, such as disapproval for lateness, as opposed to formal sanctions which are official responses like suspension for academic misconduct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question involves understanding and applying concepts of social control and sanctions, specifically focusing on the use of informal negative sanctions in response to deviant behavior. Informal negative sanctions are those unofficial punishments or negative reactions from individuals or a group towards someone who has violated social norms or expectations. These can include behaviors such as social ostracism, gossip, ridicule, or expressions of disapproval.
For instance, consider a scenario where a co-worker is consistently late to team meetings. This could lead to other team members expressing their disapproval through cold behavior or leaving pointed reminders about meeting times, which would be an example of using informal negative sanctions to address the deviance. Such actions may make the latecomer aware of the social norms expected within the team and encourage punctuality.
Formal sanctions, by contrast, are established and authorized by official bodies and can be either positive or negative. An example might be a student violating a college's academic integrity policies and facing suspension, which would be a formal negative sanction.