Final answer:
Sexual dimorphism refers to the differences between males and females of the same species, often influenced by sexual selection to enhance reproduction and attract mates, despite potential survival costs.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sexual dimorphism is a term used in biology to describe the phenotypic differences between males and females of the same species, which can include variations in size, color, and morphology. In many species, males are larger and may have more elaborate traits such as colorful plumage or adornments that are the result of sexual selection. This selection pressure can sometimes be so strong that it favors traits that might even be detrimental to the individual's survival because they enhance the ability to reproduce by attracting females or outcompeting other males. As females generally invest more in offspring, they are likely to select males that exhibit these desirable traits, which may signal genetic fitness or the ability to provide better protection and resources.