Final answer:
The principal bonds of kinship groups are consanguineal ties and social bonds, defined by cultural practices. Kinship systems, which shape interactions and obligations among relatives, are culturally rather than biologically determined.
Step-by-step explanation:
The principle bonds that hold kinship groups together include consanguineal ties, which are based on shared descent, such as blood relationships, and social bonds created through cultural practices, such as marriage and adoption. Kinship systems are defined by culture rather than biology, providing a framework for understanding family and community structures across different societies. These systems of kinship shape how individuals interact with relatives, including the expectations and obligations inherent in these relationships. The institutional aspect of kinship plays a significant role in small societies, influencing social institutions such as politics, economics, and subsistence. Lewis Henry Morgan's study on the diversity of kinship marked the beginning of kinship studies in anthropology and helped us understand the connections and alliances within a group, including the dispersal of social and economic resources.